Why the tubes matter

The fallopian tubes are where egg and sperm usually meet, and where early fertilisation happens before the embryo travels to the womb. If a tube is blocked or damaged, that meeting can be prevented, which is why tubal factors are a recognised cause of difficulty conceiving.

Tubal issues can affect one or both sides, and the impact depends on the extent.

What can cause a blockage

Several things can damage or block the tubes over time.

  • Previous pelvic infection, including some sexually transmitted infections
  • Endometriosis affecting the pelvis
  • Previous pelvic or abdominal surgery
  • Certain complications of earlier pregnancy

How it is assessed

Tubal patency is usually checked with an imaging test that looks at whether dye passes through the tubes, such as an HSG, or through other scans or, in some cases, keyhole surgery. Your specialist will choose the assessment that fits your situation and explain what it involves before it is done.

What the options are

The path depends on the type and extent of the problem. In some cases, surgery may be considered to address a blockage. In others, particularly where damage is significant or both tubes are affected, IVF is often suggested because it bypasses the tubes entirely by fertilising outside the body. Neither is automatically right; the choice depends on your findings, age and history.

Ask why a particular route is advised

If IVF or surgery is recommended, ask what your assessment specifically showed, why this route rather than another, and what the realistic chances are. The recommendation should follow from your findings, and you deserve to understand the reasoning.

Common questions

Can I get pregnant with one blocked tube?

Often yes, if the other tube is healthy, though it can take longer. Your specialist will interpret this alongside your wider assessment.

How are blocked tubes diagnosed?

Usually with an imaging test that checks whether dye passes through the tubes, such as an HSG, or with other scans or keyhole surgery depending on the situation.

Why is IVF suggested for tubal problems?

IVF fertilises the egg outside the body and places the embryo in the womb, bypassing the tubes. This is why it is often suggested where the tubes are significantly damaged.

Sources and further reading

Last reviewed July 2026. This article is educational and does not diagnose or replace individual medical advice.